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Page Title: Tank Pad and Berm Construction
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3-4.5  To  the  extent  possible,  cuts  and  fills  should  be  planned  and  executed  such  that  the  volume  of  cut  soils  roughly equals the required fill for low spots, tank berms, and roadways. If the area to be utilized is fairly flat and requires only minimal grading, the materials for roadways and tank berms can come from a borrow pit near the site which can, if desired, be converted to a reserve water storage basin. 3-4.6  In preparing the grading plan and executing the cut and fill, it should be kept in mind that the major equipment, most particularly the 5000 Bbl tanks, should be set on virgin or cut soils, if possible, rather than on fill. 3-4.7  If it is required that tankage be located on a filled area, the fill must be compacted as it is placed.  Compaction after a deep fill has little effect. 3-4.8  When extensive fill is required, the slopes must be such as to prevent slides and minimize erosion.  As a general rule, there should be no slopes greater than 2:1 (approx.  250) in sandy or loamy soils. 3-5 Roadways Roadways must be fully compacted, have good drainage, and to the extent possible, have at least a surface of gravel or crushed  rock.    Each  side  of  the  road  should  have  an  adequate  swale  or  ditch  to  provide  good  drainage.    Drainage culverts  should  be  placed  as  required.    The  road,  swale,  ditch,  and  drain  culvert  requirements  will  vary  with  site conditions and anticipated rainfall.  Fig.  2-2 shows a desirable road layout.  Roadways must be constructed to permit ready access to all areas for installation, operation, fuel loading and unloading, and fire fighting. 3-6 Tank Pad and Berm Construction Proper tank pad and berm construction is most important to provide for tank operation and protection from spill or a fire resulting from the spill.  The reader is referred to para.'s 2-3 through 2-3.6 and Fig.'s 2-8, 2-9 and 2-10. 3-6.1  Tank pads are preferably constructed of a loamy or clay soil containing some sand so that a smooth area can be graded and its shape hold up.  Fig.'s 2-8, 2-9 and 2-10 show what is needed in tank pad shape and slope.  The longest slope should be approximately 10 (degree) from horizontal.  Other shorter slopes will be greater.  The low point should be where the tank drain will end up when the tank is unrolled.  A small ditch and a basin for the drain line and the drain valve can be excavated by hand at the time the tank is unrolled.  The low point described is to permit maximum pump out of the tank and drainage through the drain line. The base of the tank pad area must be virgin soil, cut soil, or highly compacted.  To avoid damage to the tank bottom, sticks, stones, or sharp objects must be removed prior to installing the tank. 3-6.2  Tank   berms   are   constructed   as   shown   on   Fig.'s   2-8   and   2-9.      They   may   be   constructed   before,   after,   or simultaneously with tank pad construction, depending on job conditions.  In any case, it is necessary that the tank pad be cleared of any rocks, clumps, etc., that roll on during berm construction.  It is recommended that tank pad rough grading be completed before berm construction and that it be finished up after berm construction.  The preferred materials are soils containing a fairly high clay content to hold shape and provide sealing. The berm should be compacted as it is constructed.  Alternate materials are sand bags or the sand grids as described in para.  2-3.2b. 3-3

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