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Page Title: OPERATION
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TM 10-4310-391 -13&P charge  to  prevent  unnecessary  contamination  An  additional  supply  of  ail  Is  furnished  with  each  pump  with Instructions to drain and discard the ail contain- In the pump and replace with the fresh ail DuoSeal ail has been especially  prepared  and  Is  ideally  suited  for  use  m  mechanical  vacuum  pumps  because  of  bits  desirable viscosity,  low  vapor  pressure  and  chemical  stability.  The  vacuum  guarantee  on  all  Sargent-Welch  pumps applies only when DuoSeal ail Is used Other lubricants for special applications are available Including venous lubricants for oxygen compatibility lubricants for use with diffusion pumps as well as other special requirements. II. OPERATION II-1. STARTING PROCEDURES II-1a. Starting a DuoSeal Pump Before attaching the pump to a system it Is well to familiarize yourself with the function and action of the pump which you have now acquired Remove the Intake and exhaust port plugs and temporarily provide a stopper for the intake and a dust cap for the exhaust Review the power requirements as described In Paragraph 1-6 II-1b. Cleanliness Take every precaution to prevent foreign particles from entering the pump A fine mesh screen Is provided for this purpose In the Intake passage of all the DuoSeal pumps II-1c. Oil Level Determination The amount of ail suitable for efficient and satisfactory performance should be deter mined after the pump has reached bits operating temperature In-t-ally, however, the pump should be filled with fresh ail while the pump is Idle fill the pump until the ail level falls between the two ail level marks If after a short period of operation the level should fall, it Is likely the result of ail entering some of the interior pockets of the pump if a burgling sound occurs,  additional  ail  must  be  added  In  general,  the  ail  level  will  be  higher  during  high  pressure  operation Mechanical pumps will gurgle In varying degrees under four conditions of performance. [a] when operating at high  pressure  as  m  the  beginning  cycles  of  evacuation  of  a  chamber,  [b]  when  the  ail  level  in  the  pump reservoir  Is  lower  than  required,  [c]  when  a  large  leak  Is  present  In  the  system;  and  Ed.]  when  the  vented exhaust valve is open Awareness of these possibilities will save time In setting up a system Best performance of  a  mechanical  pump  Is  generally  obtained  after  sufficient  time  has  been  allowed  for  the  pump  to  come  to operating temperature II- 2. LEAK DETECTION II-2a. Large Leaks The importance of eliminating all leaks In a vacuum system Is obvious when it Is realized that a leak into the system, at atmospheric pressure, expands in volume by a factor of 750,000 to 10,000,000 or more The pump must remove this added volume to maintain the desired vacuum Fortunately a number of effective techniques for leak detection have been developed Large leaks can be located by pressurizing the system and painting the suspected area with a thick soap solution Escaping air will produce soap bubbles II-2b. Small Leaks Small  leaks  In  glass  systems  may  be  located  by  probing  with  a  high  frequency  coil  of  the  Tesla  type  This Instrument Is an ungrounded, high-potential spark coil with a pointed electrode The discharge spark from the coil will seek and pass through any minute opening and produce a faint pink glow at the location of the hole In using  a  Tesla  coil,  the  electrode  point  should  be  held  about  ½   Inch  from  the  glass  and  should  be  kept  In constant motion It is not recommended for use In very thin-walled systems or m locations adjacent to glass-to- metal  seals.  Small  leaks  may  also  be  detected  by  spraying  a  suspected  area  with  acetone  or  gases  rich  in hydrogen, and observing a sudden change In pressure on an electrical gauge The difference In calibration of these gauges, for air and other gases, will produce a distinct change m the pressure reading To use this method of  detection,  the  system  must  be  under  vacuum  and  the  gauge  sensing  tube  must  be  located  between  the pump and the area to be probed Use extreme caution, as these materials are highly flammable! 4

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